Lubricant composition

ABSTRACT

A lubricant based on a mineral or synthetic oil is stabilized against oxidative degradation by the addition of a mixture comprising at least one specified aromatic amine of the formula I or II ##STR1## and at least one sterically hindered amine. The lubricant may contain other antioxidants or other additives. It is preferably used as motor oil.

This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/771,085, filed on Oct. 2, 1991, now abandoned, which is a divisional of application Ser. No. 07/380,563, filed Jul. 13, 1989, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,073,278, issued on Dec. 17, 1991.

The present invention relates to lubricant compositions which are stabilized against oxidative degradation. The stabilization is carried out by the addition of at least two specific additives.

It is known and customary to add additives to lubricants based on mineral or synthetic oils in order to improve their performance characteristics. Additives against oxidative degradation of the lubricants, the so-called antioxidants, are of particular importance. Oxidative degradation of lubricants plays a significant role especially in motor oils because of the high temperatures prevailing in the combustion chambers of the engines and the presence, in addition to oxygen, of oxides of nitrogen (NO_(x)) which act as oxidation catalysts.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Aromatic amines, for example alkylated diphenylamines or alkylated phenothiazines, are used inter alia as antioxidants for lubricants. EP-A-149,422 or GB-A-1,090,688, for example, disclose such amines. The use of such aromatic amines in combination with other antioxidants, for example with triarylphosphites, thiodipropionates or phenolic antioxidants, is also known, for example from EP-A-49,133.

We have found that a combination of aromatic amines with sterically hindered amines is a highly suitable antioxidant for lubricants.

The invention provides a lubricant composition which comprises

(A) a mineral or a synthetic base oil or a mixture of such oils,

(B) at least one aromatic amine of the formula I or II, ##STR2## in which R¹ is C₁ -C₁₈ alkyl, C₇ -C₉ phenylalkyl, C₅ -C₁₂ cycloalkyl, phenyl, C₇ -C₁₈ alkylphenyl, C₇ -C₁₈ alkoxyphenyl or naphthyl, R² is phenyl, C₇ -C₁₈ alkylphenyl, C₇ -C₁₈ alkoxyphenyl or naphthyl, R³ is hydrogen, C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl, benzyl, allyl, methallyl, phenyl or a group --CH₂ SR⁴, R⁴ is C₄ -C₁₈ alkyl, --CH₂ COO(C₄ -C₁₈ alkyl) or --CH₂ CH₂ COO(C₄ -C₁₈ alkyl), and R⁵ and R⁶ independently of one another are H, C₁ -C₁₈ alkyl or C₇ -C₉ phenylalkyl, and

(C) at least one sterically hindered amine.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

As C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl, R³ may be linear or branched alkyl and may be, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl or dodecyl. As C₁ -C₁₈ alkyl, R¹, R⁵ and R⁶ may in addition also be, for example, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl or octadecyl. As C₄ -C₁₈ alkyl, R⁴ may also be, for example, n-butyl, tert-butyl, n-hexyl, tert-octyl, n-dodecyl or octadecyl.

As C₇ -C₉ phenylalkyl, R¹, R⁵ and R⁶ may be, for example, benzyl, 2-phenylethyl, α-methylbenzyl, 2-phenylpropyl or α,α-dimethylbenzyl.

As C₇ -C₁₈ alkylphenyl, R¹ and R² may have linear or branched alkyl groups. Examples are tolyl, ethylphenyl, isopropylphenyl, tert-butylphenyl, sec-pentylphenyl, n-hexylphenyl, tert-octylphenyl, iso-nonylphenyl or n-dodecylphenyl. R¹ and R² may also be mixtures of alkylphenyl groups, such as those produced in industrial alkylations of diphenylamine with olefins. The alkyl group is preferably in the para position of the aromatic amine.

As the component (B), a compound of the formula I or II is preferably used in which R¹ is C₁ -C₄ alkyl, C₇ -C₉ phenylalkyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, C₁₀ -C₁₈ alkylphenyl or naphthyl, R² is C₁₀ -C₁₈ alkylphenyl or phenyl, R³ is hydrogen, C₁ -C₈ alkyl, benzyl, allyl or a group --CH₂ SR⁴, R⁴ is C₈ -C₁₈ alkyl or --CH₂ COO(C₈ -C₁₈ alkyl), and R⁵ and R⁶ independently of one another are H, C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl or C₇ -C₉ phenylalkyl.

Of the compounds of the formula I those are particularly preferred in which R¹ and R² independently of one another are phenyl or C₁₀ -C₁₈ alkylphenyl and R³ is hydrogen.

Of the compounds of the formula II those are particularly preferred in which R³ is hydrogen and R⁵ and R⁶ independently of one another are H or C₄ -C₁₂ alkyl.

Examples of compounds of the formula I are:

diphenylamine,

N-allyldiphenylamine

4-isopropoxydiphenylamine

N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine

N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine

di-4-methoxyphenylamine

d-[4-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)phenyl]amine

di-[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]amine

tert-octylated N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine

industrial mixtures obtained by reacting diphenylamine with diisobutylene (mono-, di- and trialkylated tert-butyl- and tert-octyldiphenylamine)

phenothiazine

N-allylphenothiazine

3,7-di-tert-octylphenothiazine

industrial mixtures obtained by reacting phenothiazine with diisobutylene

Particularly preferred component (B) is 4,4'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine or 3,7-di-tert-octylphenothiazine or an industrial mixture obtained by reacting diphenylamine with diisobutylene, particularly a mixture which contains the following components:

a) not more than 5% by weight of diphenylamine,

b) 8-15% by weight of 4-tert-butyldiphenylamine,

c) 24-32% by weight of 4-tert-octyldiphenylamine, 4,4'-di-tert-butyldiphenylamine and 2,4,4'-tri-tert-butyldiphenylamine,

d) 23-34% by weight of 4-tert-butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamine, 2,2'-and 3,3'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine and 2,4-di-tert-butyl-4'-tert-octyl-diphenylamine,

e) 21-34% by weight of 4,4'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine and 2,4-di-tert-octyl-4'-tert-butyldiphenylamine.

The component (C) may be any cyclic or acyclic sterically hindered amine. The preferred component (C) is a compound which contains at least one group of the formula III ##STR3## in which R is hydrogen or methyl. R as hydrogen is preferred. The compounds in question are derivatives of polyalkylpiperidines, particularly of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine. These polyalkylpiperidines preferably carry one or two polar substituents or a polar spiro ring system in the 4-position.

The following classes of polyalkylpiperidines are particularly important:

a) compounds of the formula IV ##STR4## in which n is an integer of 1 to 4, preferably 1 or 2, R is hydrogen or methyl, R¹¹ is hydrogen, oxyl, hydroxyl, C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl, C₃ -C₈ alkenyl, C₃ -C₈ alkynyl, C₇ -C₁₂ aralkyl, C₁ -C₁₈ alkoxy, C₅ -C₈ cycloalkoxy, C₇ -C₉ phenylalkoxy, C₁ -C₈ alkanoyl, C₃ -C₅ alkenoyl, C₁ -C₁₈ alkanoyloxy, benzyloxy, glycidyl or a group --CH₂ CH(OH)--Z, in which Z is hydrogen, methyl or phenyl, R¹¹ being preferably H, C₁ -C₄ alkyl, allyl, benzyl, acetyl or acryloyl and R¹² being, when n is 1, hydrogen, C₁ -C₁₈ alkyl which is uninterrupted or interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms, cyanoethyl, benzyl, glycidyl, a monobasic radical of an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic, unsaturated or aromatic carboxylic acid, carbamic acid or a phosphorus-containing acid or a monovalent silyl radical, preferably a radical of an aliphatic carboxylic acid having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, of a cycloaliphatic carboxylic acid having 7 to 15 carbon atoms, of an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid having 3 to 5 carbon atoms or of an aromatic carboxylic acid having 7 to 15 carbon atoms, R¹² being, when n is 2, C₁ -C₁₂ alkylene, C₄ -C₁₂ alkenylene, xylylene, a dibasic radical of an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acid, dicarbamic acid or a phosphorus-containing acid or a divalent silyl radical, preferably a radical of an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 2 to 36 carbon atoms, a cycloaliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acid having 8 to 14 carbon atoms or an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic dicarbamic acid having 8 to 14 carbon atoms, R¹² being, when n is 3, a tribasic radical of an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic tricarboxylic acid, an aromatic tricarbamic acid or a phosphorus-containing acid or a trivalent silyl radical, and R¹² being, when n is 4, a tetrabasic radical of an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic tetracarboxylic acid.

Any C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl substituents present are, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-hexyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl or n-dodecyl.

As C₁ -C₁₈ alkyl, R¹¹ or R¹² may be, for example, the above groups and additionally, for example, n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-hexadecyl or n-octadecyl.

As C₃ -C₈ alkenyl, R¹¹ is, for example, 1-propenyl, allyl, methallyl, 2-butenyl, 2-pentenyl, 2-hexenyl, 2-octenyl and 4-tert-butyl-2-butenyl.

As C₃ -C₈ alkynyl, R¹¹ is preferably propargyl.

As C₇ -C₁₂ aralkyl, R¹¹ is particularly phenethyl and above all benzyl.

As C₁ -C₈ alkanoyl, R¹¹ is, for example, formyl, propionyl, butyryl, octanoyl, but preferably acetyl; and as C₃ -C₅ alkenoyl, R¹¹ is particularly acryloyl.

As a monobasic radical of a carboxylic acid, R¹² is a radical, for example, of acetic acid, caproic acid, stearic acid, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, benzoic acid or β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid.

As a dibasic radical of a dicarboxylic acid, R¹² is a radical, for example, of malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, phthalic acid, dibutylmalonic acid, dibenzylmalonic acid, butyl(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonic acid or bicycloheptenedicarboxylic acid.

As a tribasic radical of a tricarboxylic acid, R¹² is a radical, for example, of trimellitic acid, citric acid or nitrilotriacetic acid.

As a tetrabasic radical of a tetracarboxylic acid, R¹² is the tetrabasic radical, for example, of butane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid or of pyromellitic acid.

As a dibasic radical of a dicarbamic acid, R¹² is a radical, for example, of hexamethylenedicarbamic acid or 2,4-toluylenedicarbamic acid.

Preferred compounds of the formula IV are those in which R is hydrogen, R¹¹ is hydrogen or methyl, n is 2 and R¹² is the diacyl radical of an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 4 to 12 carbon atoms.

Examples of polyalkylpiperidine compounds of this class are the following compounds:

1) 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine

2) 1-allyl-4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine

3) 1-benzyl-4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine

4) 1-(4-tert-butyl-2-butenyl)-4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine

5) 4-stearoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine

6) 1-ethyl-4-salicyloyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine

7) 4-methacryloyloxy-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidine

8) 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl--(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate

9) di-(1-benzyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) maleate

10) di-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) succinate

11) di-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) glutarate

12) di-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) adipate

13) di-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate

14) di-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate

15) di-(1,2,3,6-tetramethyl-2,6-diethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate

16) di-(1-allyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) phthalate

17) 1-hydroxy-4--cyanoethyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine

18) 1-acetyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl acetate

19) tri-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) trimellitate

20) 1-acryloyl-4-benzyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine

21) di-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) diethylmalonate

22) di-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl) dibutylmalonate

23) di-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl) butyl-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) malonate

24) di(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate

25) di(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate

26) hexane-1',6'-bis(4-carbamoyloxy-1-n-butyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine)

27) toluene-2',4'-bis(4-carbamoyloxy-1-n-propyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine)

28) dimethyl-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-oxy)silane

29) phenyl-tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-oxy)silane

30) tris(1-propyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) phosphite

31) tris(1-propyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) phosphate

32) phenyl[bis-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)] phosphonate

33) 4-hydroxy-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidine

34) 4-hydroxy-N-hydroxyethyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine

35) 4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine

36) 1-glycidyl-4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine

b) compounds of the formula (V) ##STR5## in which n is the integer 1 or 2, R and R¹¹ have the meaning defined in a), R¹³ is hydrogen, C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl, C₂ -C₅ hydroxyalkyl, C₅ -C₇ cycloalkyl, C₇ -C₈ aralkyl, C₂ -C₁₈ alkanoyl, C₃ -C₅ alkenoyl, benzoyl or a group of the formula ##STR6## and when n is 1, R¹⁴ is hydrogen, C₁ -C₁₈ alkyl, C₃ -C₈ alkenyl, C₅ -C₇ cycloalkyl, C₁ -C₄ alkyl substituted by a hydroxyl, cyano, alkoxycarbonyl or carbamide group, glycidyl, a group of the formula --CH₂ --CH(OH)--Z or the formula --CONH--Z, in which Z is hydrogen, methyl or phenyl; when n is 2, R¹⁴ is C₂ -C₁₂ alkylene, C₆ -C₁₂ arylene, xylylene, a --CH₂ --CH(OH)--CH₂ -- group or a --CH₂ --CH(OH)--CH₂ --O--D--O-- group, in which D is C₂ -C₁₀ alkylene, C₆ -C₁₅ -arylene, C₆ -C₁₂ cycloalkylene, or, if R¹³ is not alkanoyl, alkenoyl or benzoyl, R¹⁴ can also be a dibasic radical of an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acid or dicarbamic acid or also the group --CO--, or when n is 1, R¹³ and R¹⁴ together can be the dibasic radical of an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic 1,2- or 1,3-di-carboxylic acid.

Any C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl or C₁ -C₁₈ alkyl substituents present have the meaning already defined in a).

Any C₅ -C₇ cycloalkyl substituents present are particularly cyclohexyl.

As C₇ -C₈ aralkyl, R¹³ is particularly phenylethyl or above all benzyl. As C₂ -C₅ hydroxyalkyl, R¹³ is particularly 2-hydroxyethyl or 2-hydroxypropyl.

As C₂ -C₁₈ alkanoyl, R¹³ is for example propionyl, butyryl, octanoyl, dodecanoyl, hexadecanoyl, octadecanoyl, but preferably acetyl, and as C₃ -C₅ alkenoyl, R¹³ is particularly acryloyl.

As C₂ -C₈ alkenyl, R¹⁴ is for example allyl, methallyl, 2-butenyl, 2-pentenyl, 2-hexenyl or 2-octenyl.

As C₁ -C₄ alkyl substituted by a hydroxyl, cyano, alkoxycarbonyl or carbamide group, R¹⁴ can be, for example, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 2-cyanoethyl, methoxycarbonylmethyl, 2-ethoxycarbonylethyl, 2-aminocarbonylpropyl or 2-(dimethylaminocarbonyl)ethyl.

Any C₂ -C₁₂ alkylene substituents present are, for example, ethylene, propylene, 2,2-dimethylpropylene, tetramethylene, hexamethylene, octamethylene, decamethylene or dodecamethylene.

Any C₆ -C₁₅ arylene substituents present are, for example, o-, m- or p-phenylene, 1,4-naphthylene or 4,4'-diphenylene.

As C₆ -C₁₂ -cycloalkylene, D is especially cyclohexylene.

Preferred compounds of the formula V are those in which n is 1 or 2, R is hydrogen, R¹¹ is hydrogen or methyl, R¹³ is hydrogen, C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl or a group of the formula ##STR7## and when n=1, R¹⁴ is hydrogen or C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl, and when n=2, R¹⁴ is C₂ -C₈ alkylene.

Examples of polyalkylpiperidine compounds of this class are the following compounds:

37) N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexamethylene-1,6-diamine

38) N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexamethylene-1,6-diacetamide

39) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)amine

40) 4-benzoylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine

41) N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N,N'-dibutyladipamide

42) N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N,N'-dicyclohexyl-2-hydroxypropylene-1,3-diamine

43) N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-p-xylylenediamine

44) N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)succindiamide

45) di(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-aminodipropionate

46) The compound of the formula ##STR8## 47) 4-(bis-2-hydroxyethylamino)-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidine 48) 4-(3-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylbenzoamido)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine

49) 4-methacrylamido-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidine

c) compounds of the formula (VI) ##STR9## in which n is the integer 1 or 2, R and R¹¹ have the meaning defined in a), and when n is 1, R¹⁵ is C₂ -C₈ alkylene or C₂ -C₈ hydroxyalkylene or C₄ -C₂₂ acyloxyalkylene, and when n is 2, R¹⁵ is the group (--CH₂)₂ C(CH₂ --)₂.

As C₂ -C₈ alkylene or C₂ -C₈ hydroxyalkylene, R¹⁵ is for example ethylene, 1-methylethylene, propylene, 2-ethylpropylene or 2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethylpropylene.

As C₄ -C₂₂ acyloxyalkylene, R¹⁵ is for example 2-ethyl-2-acetoxymethylpropylene.

Examples of polyalkylpiperidine compounds of this class are the following compounds:

50) 9-aza-8,8,10,10-tetramethyl-1,5-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane

51) 9-aza-8,8,10,10-tetramethyl-3-ethyl-1,5-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane

52) 8-aza-2,7,7,8,9,9-hexamethyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane

53) 9-aza-3-hydroxymethyl-3-ethyl-8,8,9,10,10-pentamethyl-1,5-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane

54) 9-aza-3-ethyl-3-acetoxymethyl-9-acetyl-8,8,10,10-tetramethyl-1,5-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane

55) 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-spiro-2'-(1',3'-dioxan)-5'-spiro-5"-(1",3"-dioxan)-2"-spiro-4"'-(2"',2'",6"', 6"'-tetramethylpiperidine).

d) compounds of the formulae VIIA, VIIB and VIIC ##STR10## in which n is the integer 1 or 2, R and R¹¹ have the meaning defined in a), R¹⁶ is hydrogen, C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl, allyl, benzyl, glycidyl or C₂ -C₆ alkoxyalkyl, and when n is 1, R¹⁷ is hydrogen, C₁ -C₁₂ alkenyl, C₇ -C₉ aralkyl, C₅ -C₇ cycloalkyl, C₂ -C₄ hydroxyalkyl, C₂ -C₆ alkoxyalkyl, C₆ -C₁₀ aryl, glycidyl or a group of the formula --(CH₂)p--COO--Q or the formula --(CH₂)p--O--CO--Q, in which p is 1 or 2 and Q is C₁ -C₄ alkyl or phenyl, and when n is 2, R¹⁷ C₂ -C₁₂ alkylene, C₄ -C₁₂ alkenylene, C₆ -C₁₂ arylene, a group --CH₂ --CH(OH)--CH₂ --O--D--O--CH₂ --CH(OH)--CH₂ --, in which D is C₂ -C₁₀ alkylene, C₆ -C₁₅ arylene, C₆ -C₁₂ cycloalkylene or a group --CH₂ CH(OZ')CH₂ --(OCH₂ CH(OZ')CH₂)₂ --, in which Z' is hydrogen, C₁ -C₁₈ alkyl, allyl, benzyl, C₂ -C₁₂ alkanoyl or benzoyl, T₁ and T₂ independently of one another are hydrogen, C₁ -C₁₈ alkyl or C₆ -C₁₀ aryl or C₇ -C₉ aralkyl which are unsubstituted or substituted by halogen or C₁ -C₄ alkyl, or T₁ and T₂ together form with the carbon atom connecting them a C₅ -C₁₂ cycloalkane ring.

Any C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl substituents present are, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-hexyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl or n-dodecyl.

Any C₁ -C₁₈ alkyl substituents present can be, for example, the groups defined above and additionally also, for example, n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-hexadecyl or n-octadecyl.

Any C₂ -C₆ alkoxyalkyl substituents present are, for example, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, propoxymethyl, tert-butoxymethyl, ethoxyethyl, ethoxypropyl, n-butoxyethyl, tert-butoxyethyl, isopropoxyethyl or propoxypropyl.

As C₃ -C₅ alkenyl, R¹⁷ is, for example, 1-propenyl, allyl, methallyl, 2-butenyl or 2-pentenyl.

As C₇ -C₉ aralkyl, R¹⁷, T₁ and T₂ are particularly phenethyl or above all benzyl. Any cycloalkane ring formed by T₁ and T₂ together with the carbon atom can be, for example, a cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cyclooctane or cyclododecane ring.

As C₂ -C₄ hydroxyalkyl, R¹⁷ is, for example, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 2-hydroxybutyl or 4-hydroxybutyl.

As C₆ -C₁₀ aryl, R¹⁷, T₁ and T₂ are especially phenyl, α- or β-naphthyl which are unsubstituted or substituted by halogen or C₁ -C₄ alkyl.

As C₂ -C₁₂ alkylene, R¹⁷ is, for example, ethylene, propylene, 2,2-di-methylpropylene, tetramethylene, hexamethylene, octamethylene, decamethylene or dodecamethylene.

As C₄ -C₁₂ alkenylene, R¹⁷ is particularly 2-butenylene, 2-pentenylene or 3-hexenylene.

As C₆ -C₁₂ arylene, R¹⁷ is, for example, o-, m- or p-phenylene, 1,4-naphthylene or 4,4'-diphenylene.

As C₂ C₁₂ alkanoyl, Z' is, for example, propionyl, butyryl, octanoyl, dodecanoyl, but preferably acetyl.

As C₂ C₁₀ alkylene, C₆ -C₁₅ arylene or C₆ -C₁₂ cycloalkylene, D has the meaning defined in b).

Examples of polyalkylpiperidine compounds of this class are the following compounds:

56) 3-benzyl-1,3,8-triaza-7,7,9,9-tetramethylspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione

57) 3-n-octyl-1,3,8-triaza-7,7,9,9-tetramethylspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione

58) 3-allyl-1,3,8-triaza-1,7,7,9,9-pentamethylspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione

59) 3-glycidyl-1,3,8-triaza-7,7,8,9,9-pentamethylspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione

60) 1,3,7,7,8,9,9-heptamethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione

61) 2-iso-propyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxo-spiro[4.5]-decane

62) 2,2-dibutyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxospiro[4.5]decane

63) 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-oxa-3,20-diaza-21-oxodispiro[5.1.11.2]-heneicosane

64) 2-butyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1-oxa-4,8-diaza-3-oxospiro[4.5]decane

65) 8-acetyl-3-dodecyl-1,3,8-triaza-7,7,9,9-tetramethylspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione

or the compounds of the following formulae: ##STR11##

e) compounds of the formula VIII ##STR12## in which n is the integer 1 or 2 and R¹⁸ is a group of the formula ##STR13## in which R and R¹¹ have the meaning defined in a), E is --O-- or --NR¹¹ --, A is C₂ -C₆ alkylene or --(CH₂)₃ --O--, and x is the integers 0 or 1, R¹⁹ is the same as R¹⁸ or is one of the groups --NR²¹ R²², --OR²³, --NHCH₂ OR²³ or --N(CH₂ OR²³)₂, and when n is 1, R²⁰ is the same as R¹⁸ or R¹⁹, and when n=2, R²⁰ is a group --E--B--E--, in which B is C₂ -C₆ alkylene which is uninterrupted or interrupted by --N(R²¹)--, R¹¹ is C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl, cyclohexyl, benzyl or C₁ -C₄ hydroxyalkyl or a group of the formula ##STR14## R²² is C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl, cyclohexyl, benzyl, C₁ -C₄ hydroxyalkyl, and R²³ is hydrogen, C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl or phenyl, or R²¹ and R²² together are C₄ -C₅ alkylene or C₄ -C₅ oxaalkylene, for example ##STR15## or R²¹ and R²² in each case are also a group of the formula ##STR16## Any C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl substituents present are, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-hexyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl or n-dodecyl.

Any C₁ -C₄ hydroxyalkyl substituents present are, for example, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 2-hydroxybutyl or 4-hydroxybutyl.

C₂ -C₆ alkylene as A is, for example, ethylene, propylene, 2,2-dimethylpropylene, tetramethylene or hexamethylene.

C₄ -C₅ alkylene or C₄ -C₅ oxaalkylene as R²¹ and R²² together are, for example, tetramethylene, pentamethylene or 3-oxapentamethylene.

Examples of polyalkylpiperidine compounds of this class are the compounds of the following formulae: ##STR17##

f) oligomers or polymeric compounds whose recurring structural unit comprises a 2,2,6,6-tetraalkylpiperidine radical of the formula (I), particularly polyesters, polyethers, polyamides, polyamines, polyurethanes, polyureas, polyaminotriazines, poly(meth)acrylates, poly(meth)acrylamide and their copolymers which comprise such radicals.

Examples of 2,2,6,6-polyalkylpiperidine light stabilizers of this class are the compounds of the following formulae where m is an integer of 2 to about 200. ##STR18##

g) compounds of the formula IX ##STR19## in which R and R¹¹ have the meaning defined in a).

Preferred compounds of the formula IX are those in which R is hydrogen or methyl and R¹¹ is hydrogen or methyl.

Examples of such compounds are:

95) 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone (triacetonamine)

96) 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidone

97) 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidon-1-oxyl

98) 2,3,6-trimethyl-2,6-diethyl-4-piperidone

The amount of (B) and (C) added to the base oil (A) depends on the type of the base oil and the desired degree of stabilization. Generally the total of (B) and (C) is 0.1 to 2% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 1% by weight, based on (A). The ratio of (B) to (C) can vary within wide limits; (B) is generally the quantitatively dominant component. The ratio (B):(C) is preferably 3-5:1.

The component (A) is a mineral or synthetic base oil, such as is normally used for the production of lubricants. Synthetic oils may be, for example, esters of polycarboxylic acids or of polyols; they may also be aliphatic polyesters or poly-α-olefins, silicones, phosphoric acid esters or polyalkylene glycols. The lubricant may also be a grease based on an oil and a thickener. Such lubricants are described, for example, in D. Klamann "Schmierstoffe und artverwandte Produkte" ["Lubricants and Related Products"], Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1982.

The lubricant may additionally contain other additives, for example other antioxidants, metal passivators, rust inhibitors, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, dispersants, surfactants or antiwear additives.

EXAMPLES OF PHENOLIC ANTIOXIDANTS

1. Alkylated monophenolics

2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 2-tert-butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol,2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-iso-butylphenol, 2,6-dicyclopentyl-4-methylphenol, 2-(α-methylcyclohexyl)-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-dioctadecyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4,6-tricyclohexylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxymethylphenol, o-tert-butylphenol.

2. Alkylated hydroquinones

2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-amylhydroquinone, 2,6-diphenyl-4-octadecyloxyphenol.

3. Hydroxylated thiodiphenyl ethers

2,2'-thio-bis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-thio-bis(4-octylphenol), 4,4'-thio-bis(6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol), 4,4'-thio-bis(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol).

4. Alkylidene bisphenols

2,2'-methylene-bis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylene-bis(6-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol), 2,2'-methylene-bis[4-methyl-6-(?-methylcyclohexyl)phenol], 2,2'-methylene-bis(4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol), 2,2'methylene-bis(6-nonyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylene-bis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-ethylidene-bis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-ethylidene-bis(6-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol or -5-isobutylphenol), 2,2'-methylene-bis[6-(α-methylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 2,2'-methylene-bis[6-(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 4,4'-methylene-bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-methylene-bis(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol), 1,1-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)butane, 2,6-di(3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-4-methylphenol, 1,1,3-tris(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-3-n-dodecylmercaptobutane, ethylene glycol bis[3,3-bis(3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)butyrate], bis(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)dicyclopentadiene, bis[2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylbenzyl)-6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl]terephthalate.

5. Benzyl compounds

1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene, bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) sulfide, isooctyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmercaptoacetate, bis(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)dithiol terephthalate, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) isocyanurate, 1,3,5-tris(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl) isocyanurate, dioctadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, monoethyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate calcium salt.

6. Acylaminophenols

4-hydroxylauranilide, 4-hydroxystearanilide, 2,4-bis-octylmercapto-6-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-s-triazine, octyl N-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)carbamate.

7. Esters of β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid with monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, for example with methanol, diethylene glycol, octadecanol, triethylene glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, pentaerythritol, neopentyl glycol, trishydroxyethyl isocyanurate, thiodiethylene glycol, bishydroxyethyloxalic acid diamide.

8. Esters of β-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propionic acid with monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, for example with methanol, diethylene glycol, octadecanol, triethylene glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, pentaerythritol, neopentyl glycol, tris-hydroxyethyl isocyanurate, thiodiethylene glycol, dihydroxyethyloxalic acid diamide.

9. Amides of β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid for example N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hexamethylenediamine, N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)trimethylenediamine, N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hydrazine.

Examples of other antioxidants:

aliphatic or aromatic phosphites, esters of thiodipropionic acid or of thiodiacetic acid, or salts of dithiocarbamide acid or dithiophosphoric acid.

Examples of metal deactivators for example for copper:

triazoles, benzotriazoles and their derivatives, tolutriazoles and their derivatives, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 2-mercaptobenzotriazole, 2,5-dimercaptobenzotriazole, 2,5-dimercaptobenzothiadiazole, 5,5'-methylenebisbenzotriazole, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzotriazole, salicylidenepropylenediamine, salicylaminoguanidine and their salts.

Examples of rust inhibitors:

a) Organic acids and esters, metal salts and anhydrides thereof, for example: N-oleoylsarcosine, sorbitol monooleate, lead naphthenate, alkenylsuccinic anhydride, for example dodecenylsuccinic anhydride, alkenylsuccinic acid hemiesters and hemi-amides, and 4-nonylphenoxyacetic acid.

b) Nitrogenous compounds, for example:

I. primary, secondary or tertiary aliphatic or cycloaliphatic amines and amine salts of organic and inorganic acids, for example oil-soluble alkylammonium carboxylates.

II. heterocyclic compounds, for example: substituted imidazolines and oxazolines.

c) Phosphorus compounds, for example: amine salts of partial esters of phosphoric acid or partial esters of phosphonic acid, zinc dialkyldithiophosphates.

d) Sulfur compounds, for example: barium dinonylnaphthalenesulfonates, calcium petroleum sulfonates.

Examples of viscosity index improvers:

polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, vinylpyrrolidone/methacrylate copolymers, polyvinylpyrrolidones, polybutenes, olefin copolymers, styrene/acrylate copolymers, polyethers.

Examples of pour point depressants:

polymethacrylate, alkylated naphthalene derivatives.

Examples of dispersants/surfactants:

polybutenylsuccinamides or -imides, polybutenylphosphonic acid derivatives, basic magnesium, calcium and barium sulfonates and phenolates.

Examples of antiwear additives:

compounds containing sulfur and/or phosphorus and/or halogen, such as sulfurized vegetable oils, zinc dialkyldithiophosphates, tritolylphosphate, chlorinated paraffins, alkyl sulfides, aryl disulfides and aryl trisulfides, triphenylphosphorothionates, diethanolaminomethyltolyltriazole, di(2-ethylhexyl)aminomethyltolyltriazole.

The addition of phenolic antioxidants and/or of aliphatic and aromatic phosphites or phosphonites which are capable of increasing the stabilizing effect of the components (B) and (C), is particularly important.

Examples of suitable phosphites and phosphonites are: triphenyl phosphite, decyldiphenyl phosphite, phenyldidecyl phosphite, tris(nonylphenyl) phosphite, trilauryl phosphite, trioctadecyl phosphite, distearylpentaerythritol diphosphite, tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, diisodecylpentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, tristearylsorbitol triphosphite, tetrakis(2,4-d-tert-butylphenyl)-4,4'-biphenylene diphosphonite, bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite.

The individual additives are dissolved in the oil. To speed up the dissolution, the oil may be first heated or the additives may be first dissolved in a solvent.

The lubricant may also contain solid lubricant additives, for example graphite or molybdenum sulfide.

The examples below elucidate the invention in greater detail. The parts and percentages are parts and percentages by weight, unless stated otherwise.

EXAMPLE 1

The induction period of the oxidation of the oil samples by air containing 400 ppm of NO₂ is determined under isothermal conditions using a differential scanning calorimeter (Du Pont Thermoanalysator 1090). The measurement is carried out at 170° C. at a pressure of 8 bar. A reference mineral oil (Aral 136) containing 1% by volume of 1-decene added in order to boost its susceptibility to oxidation, is used as the base oil. The following amine stabilizers are added to the oil.

Aromatic amines:

A-1 An industrial mixture produced by reacting diphenylamine with diisobutylene, comprising

a) 3% of diphenylamine

b) 14% of 4-tert-butyldiphenylamine,

c) 30% of 4-tert-octyldiphenylamine, 4,4'-di-tert-butyldiphenylamine and 2,4,4'-tri-tert-butyldiphenylamine,

d) 29% of 4-tert-butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamine, 2,2'- and 3,3'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine and 2,4-di-tert-butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamine,

e) 18% of 4,4'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine,

f) 6% of 2,4-di-tert-octyl-4'-tert-butyldiphenylamine.

A-2 3,7-di-(tert-octyl)phenothiazine

Hindered amines:

H-1 di(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate

H-2 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone

H-3 di(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) succinate

H-4 di(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate

H-5 2,3,6-trimethyl-2,6-diethyl--piperidone

H-6 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-butylaminopiperidine

Table 1 lists the induction periods. The higher the induction period, the greater is the antioxidative effect of the stabilizer additives.

                  TABLE 1                                                          ______________________________________                                         Aromatic     Hindered   Induction period                                       amine        amine      (min)                                                  ______________________________________                                         --           --         43                                                     0.55% of A-1 --         80                                                     0.45% of A-1 0.10% of H-1                                                                              91.5                                                   0.45% of A-1 0.10% of H-2                                                                              91.5                                                   0.45% of A-1 0.10% of H-3                                                                              90.05                                                  0.45% of A-1 0.10% of H-4                                                                              90                                                     0.45% of A-1 0.10% of H-5                                                                              84.5                                                   0.45% of A-1 0.10% of H-6                                                                              89                                                     ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE 2

Oxidation of hydrocarbons gives rise to oxygen-containing groups, for example hydroxyl, carboxyl or ester groups. Infra-red spectroscopy allows the amount of such groups to be measured and to determine therefrom the effect of the antioxidants. For this purpose samples of a reference mineral oil (Aral® 136) containing 1% by volume of 1-decene added in order to boost its susceptibility to oxidation, is heated under isothermal conditions in air containing 400 ppm of NO₂, for 12 hours at a pressure of 8 bar. The IR absorption at 1730 cm⁻¹ and 1630 cm⁻¹ is then determined. The greater these values, the greater is the effect of the stabilizers. Tables 2a and 2b demonstrate the results at various temperatures.

                  TABLE 2a                                                         ______________________________________                                         Oxidation at 120° C.                                                                    IR Absorption                                                  Stabilizer       at 1730 cm.sup.-1                                                                           at 1630 cm.sup.-1                                ______________________________________                                         0.55% of A-1     0.471        1.051                                            0.45% of A-1 + 0.10% of H-2                                                                     0.392        0.839                                            0.45% of A-1 + 0.10% of H-3                                                                     0.424        0.863                                            0.45% of A-1 + 0.10% of H-5                                                                     0.396        0.673                                            ______________________________________                                    

                                      TABLE 2b                                     __________________________________________________________________________     Oxidation at 150° C.                                                                        IR Absorption                                              Stabilizer          at 1730 cm.sup.-1                                                                           at 1630 cm.sup.-1                             __________________________________________________________________________     0.55% of A-1        0.557        1.851                                         0.45% of A-1 + 0.10% of H-4                                                                        0.353        1.500                                         0.65% of A-1        0.384        1.599                                         0.45% of A-1 + 0.10% of H-4 +                                                                      0.330        1.279                                         0.10% of phenol B*)                                                            0.45% of A-1 + 0.10% of A-2 +                                                                      0.340        1.443                                         0.10% of H-4                                                                   __________________________________________________________________________      *) phenol B = compound of the formula                                          ##STR20##                                                                

EXAMPLE 3

The oxidation characteristics of the lubricating oils stabilized according to the invention were also tested by the TOST (turbine oxidation stability test) method according to ASTM D-943. For this purpose 60 ml of water are added to 300 ml of a mineral oil (Mobil STOC K 305) and the oil is heated in the presence of iron or copper wire at 95° C. for 1000 hours, while oxygen is passed through. The measured parameters are formation of acids by determining the neutralization value TAN (mg of KOH/g of oil) and the amount of sludge formed.

For the stabilization either the amine A-1 is used on its own or in admixture with the hindered amine H-7 (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-dodecyloxypiperidine), the total concentration of the stabilizers being always 0.25%, based on the oil.

    ______________________________________                                         A-1   H-7      TAN (mg KOH/g of oil)                                                                           Sludge (mg)                                    ______________________________________                                         100%  --       0.46             30                                             95%    5%      0.38             27                                             90%   10%      0.30             24                                             75%   25%      0.31             27                                             ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE 4

By analogy with Example 1, the induction period of the oxidation is measured at 170° C. For this purpose the following hindered amines are used:

H-8 N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine

H-9 N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)pentamethylenediamine

H-10 4-(methoxypropylamino)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine

                  TABLE 4                                                          ______________________________________                                         Aromatic     Hindered   Induction period                                       amine        amine      (min)                                                  ______________________________________                                         --           --         48                                                     0.55% of A-1 --         86                                                     0.45% of A-1 0.10% of H-8                                                                              95                                                     0.45% of A-1 0.10% of H-9                                                                              96                                                     0.45% of A-1 0.10% of H-10                                                                             89                                                     ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE 5

The induction period of the oxidation is determined at 170° C. as described in Example 1. The following aromatic amine is used for this purpose:

A-3 N-(p-octylphenyl)-1-naphthylamine

                  TABLE 5                                                          ______________________________________                                         Aromatic     Hindered   Induction period                                       amine        amine      (min)                                                  ______________________________________                                         0.55% of A-3 --         52.8                                                   0.45% of A-3 0.10% of H-7                                                                              66                                                     ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE 6

Oxidation resistance can be also determined by measuring the viscosity increase when the oil is treated with oxygen at elevated temperature.

For this purpose a stream of oxygen (1 liter/h) is passed through the oil at 150° C. for 70 hours. The susceptibility of the oil to oxidation is first boosted by the addition of a catalytic amount of copper naphthenate. The viscosity of the oil is measured before and after the oxidation using an Ubbelode viscometer.

                  TABLE 6                                                          ______________________________________                                                         Percentage viscosity                                           Oil             increase                                                       ______________________________________                                         base oil        168%                                                           base oil containing                                                                             3.4%                                                          0.6% of A-1 and                                                                0.15% of H-8                                                                   ______________________________________                                     

We claim:
 1. A lubricant composition which comprises(A) a mineral or synthetic base oil or a mixture of such oils; (B) at least one aromatic amine of formula II ##STR21## in which R³ is hydrogen, C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl, benzyl, allyl, methallyl, phenyl or a group --CH₂ SR⁴, R⁴ is C₄ -C₁₈ alkyl, --CH₂ COO(C₄ -C₁₈ alkyl), or --CH₂ CH₂ COO(C₄ -C₁₈ alkyl), and R⁵ and R⁶ independently of one another are hydrogen, C₁ -C₁₈ alkyl or C₇ -C₉ phenylalkyl; and (C) at least one compound of formula IV, V or IX ##STR22## in which R is hydrogen, R¹¹ is hydrogen or methyl, n is 2, and R¹² is a diacyl radical of an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 4 to 12 carbon atoms; or ##STR23## in which n is 1 or 2, R is hydrogen, R¹¹ is hydrogen or methyl, R¹³ is hydrogen, C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl or a group of the formula ##STR24## and, when n is 1, R¹⁴ is hydrogen or C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl, and when n is 2, R¹⁴ is C₂ -C₈ alkylene; or ##STR25## in which R is hydrogen, and R¹¹ is hydrogen or methyl.
 2. The composition according to claim 1 which comprises as the component (B) at least one compound of the formula II, in which R³ is hydrogen, C₁ -C₈ alkyl, benzyl, allyl or a group --CH₂ SR₄, R⁴ is C₈ -C₁₈ alkyl or --CH₂ COO(C₈ -C₁₈ alkyl), and R⁵ and R⁶ independently of one another are H, C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl or C₇ -C₉ phenylalkyl.
 3. The composition according to claim 1 which comprises as the component (B) at least one compound of the formula (II), in which R³ is hydrogen and R⁵ and R⁶ independently of one another are H or C₄ -C₁₂ alkyl.
 4. The composition according to claim 1 which comprises as the component (B) 3,7-di-tert-octylphenothiazine.
 5. The composition according to claim 1 which comprises 0.1 to 2% by weight of the total of (B) and (C), based on (A).
 6. The composition according to claim 1 wherein the ratio of (B) to (C) is 3-5 parts by weight of (B) per part by weight of (C).
 7. The composition according to claim 1 which additionally contains a phenolic antioxidant (D).
 8. The composition according to claim 1 which additionally contains an aliphatic or aromatic phosphite or phosphonite (E). 